Brick veneer and system



April 30*-1929 E. F. KLINE 1,711,026

V v BRGK VENEER AND SYSTEMl Filed Jan.19, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet Vl St KQ.

A r roe/vg Y April 30, 1929. E. F. KL|NE- Y BRICK VENEER AND SYSTEM 2Sheets-Sheet m n m m /Ef --.5L E G Y o FFW Patented Apu 30, 1929.

UNITED STATES l, 1,711,026 PATENT OFFICE.

EUGENE E. KI'LINE, oE Los ANGELES, CALIFORNIA.

BRICK VENEER AND SYS-REM.

Application led January 19, 1926. Serial No. 82,179.

may be cast or otherwise formed from, for

example, a suitable clay and thereafter fired somewhat as brick or terracotta products are customarily render-ed sufficiently rigid and durablefor transportand use; and it is an object of my invent-ion to providebrick'veneer units suitable for attachment to studs or to equivalentelements of the frames or walls of dwellings or other buildings.

lt is an object of this invention to provide brick veneer units which,although coniparatively strong, may be so thin that the total expensethereof, to cover a given area, shall be considerably less than the costof a brick wall of corresponding area; and, in preferred embodiments ofmy invention, the respective units may be of such size as to permit theconvenient handling of the same, by a single workman; and they may beprovided with channels or depressions corresponding to the jointsbetween superimposed courses of brick, as ordinarily Iaidf-thesechannels or depressions being optionally filled with a suitable mortar,or the like, either before or 1 after the units are applied to a woodenframe,

or other wall structure.

It is a further object of this invention to provide special means andmethods for the interfitting, attachment, and reinforcement of units ofthe general character referred to and for the construction of wallscompris ing the same.

Other objects of my invention may be best appreciated from the followingdescription of alternative embodiments thereof, taken in connection withthe appended claim and the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 is anelevational view, showing, in solid lines, a single unit of one form ofmy brick veneer, together with portions of studs and portions of amasonry foundation therebelow-fthe intertitting of adjacent units bcingindicated by dotted lines, and parts being broken away.

Fig. Q is a vertical section in a plane such as that indicated by theline 2-2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a vertical section so taken as t0` cut through interfittingprojecting portions of adjacent units, somewhat as indicated by the line3--3 of Fig. 1, but illustrating a slightly modied and thicker form, assecured to an angle-ironA stud as hereinafter described.

Fig. 4 is an elevational View corresponding to a portion of Fig. 1, nearthe upper 1efthand corner thereof, but with apertured reinforcing orbonding strips inserted in channels or depressions representing -jointsand. not as yet concealed by mortar.

Fig. 5 is a detail view, on an enlarged scale, taken substantially asindicated by the line 5 5 of Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is an elevational view showing, in full lines, one form of'unit(which may be of the same cross section as that illustrated in Fig. 3)specialized for use adjacent a window or door opening or at a corner,andsuggesting 'the use of reinforcement in the form of rods inserted in thehorizontal depressions (representing joints between pretended courses ofbricks) and extending past actual vertical joints between veneer units.

Fig. 7 is a detail view, on an enlarged scale taken substantially asindicated by the line 7-f7 of Fig. 6.

Fig. 8 is an elevational view taken substantially as indicated by thearrow 8 of Fig. 6.

Fig. 9 is a separate perspective view of a veneer corner unit comparablewith that shown in Figs. 6 and 8, but in which the respective faces,meeting at an angle of 90 more or less, have substantially the samehorizontal extentamount to about one and onehalf times the length of abrick.

Fig. 10 is a vertical section illustrating a form of my invention inwhich iianged metallic elements in the form of so-called channel ironsare used as studs, said studs being used also for the support of aninner wall facing in the form of wire-reinforced plaster.

Fig. 11 is a somewhat diagrammatic view, with parts broken away, showingone preferred type of iireproof frame construction, suitable for/use inthe manner indicated in Figs. 10, 12 and 13.

Fig. 12 is a detail cross sectional view taken substantially asindicated by the line 12--12 of Fig. 11.

Fig. 13 is a horizontal sectional detail view,taken substantially asindicated by the .line 13-13 of Fig. 10.

40 to lie within the mentioned depressions.

- entirely parallel with the described front surface (provided withdepressions to counterfeit mortar joints) I may make the mentioned rearor inner surface substantially or entirely flat; and,.in'order toprovide for the convenient attachment and interfitting of said units Imay provide the same with any desired apertures 18. and I may permitprominences, corresponding in length approximately to half bricks, toextend horizontally from the respective ends of my units; and I mayprovide a peripheral tin or flange 19, correspond ing in thickness anddiameter to the webs 20 (at the bottom of the channels or depressions 15and 16) extending along, for example, the entire upper edge of eachunit, and also along the ends of the mentionedlaterallv projecting halfbrieks,as at 21 and 22, Fig. 1.

By positioning the mentioned apertures 18, or their equivalents, only inthe connected webs 20 (at the bottoms of the channels or depressions 15and 16 and/or the projecting flanges 19, 21 and 22) I make it possibleto conceal any nails, screws, or the like, used in the attachment of myunits and. possible also to employ, in connection with or independentnly of such nails, or the like, any desired rein forcing or auxiliaryattaching means adapted As best shown in Figs. 4 and 5, I may, forexample, provide the units 13 (either before or after a tiring or otherhardening operation) with apertures 18 considerably excceding indiameter the nails or screws 23 by which the same are to be attached;and, instead of permitting the head 24 of such nails or screws (or thethreaded ends of bolts, or other anchoring elements-which may beimbedded in concrete) to contact directly with the webs 20 (at thebottoms of the channels 15 and 16) and/or the projectingl fins 19, 21,22, I may optionally interpose reinforcing means such as aperturedstrips 25, shown as extending longitudinally of the horizontal channels15, and/or iibrous or other slightly resilient-or yielding washers26;and it will be accordingly understood that, even if some of thementioned channels 15, 10 are filled or partially filled with mortar (inorder to simulate the appearance of an ordinary brick wall) at the placeof original manufacture, or in advance of the delivery or attachment ofmy units to a building; such parts of horizontal channels 15 as areintended to receive reinforcing or connecting strips 25 and/or nails orscrews 23, or the like, are not to be filled with mortar until aftersaid units are secured in their permanent places in a wall.

rlhc slabs or units illustrated in Figs. 2, 4; and being comparativelythin, I may resort,

`at corners and/'or at window and/or door openings, to the useof'interlitting special blocks of the genera-l character separatelyillust ated in Fig. 9.

Although the intertitting ends of adjacent units are not necessarily tobe disposed opposite studs, some of theholes 1S may naturally bedisposed at an interval,` such as an in tcrval of sixteen inches,corresponding to the distance between studs, as the same are commonlypositionedganrl, if desired some or all slabs or units may be providedwith exten sive series of holes 18, arranged in inclined lines,substantially as suggested in Fig. 1,-* in order to provide for thesecuring of the Vsame to studs spaced at unusual intervals;

and/or the composition of my units may be such as to permit of thecutting or driving of holes through the webs 20, at any desired pointand at the time of their attachment to wall elements of a building.

Instead of using apertured strips 25 as a means of attaching,reinforcing, and maintaining the alignment of units of the gcneralcharacter described, optionally forming said units in somewhat thickerslabs and op tionally omitting peripheral fins or flanges from theinterlitting portions thereof, somewhat as suggested in Fig. 3, I mayemploy, in the general manner suggested in Figs. 6 and 7, means such asmere round or other rods 30, adapted to lie in any horizontaldepressions la and to extend across the joints between adjacent blocks13a,-said rods beingof any desired length and being retained andconcealed by, for example, a mortar mixture 31, or its equivalent; and,as suggested in said figures, instead of forming' corner units withinterfitting projections having rebent or inwardly projecting extensionsor terminal portions, I may optionally adapt the integral corner units13a to extend entirely around a corner.

For the uses last referred to, I may provide corner units of varioustypes (the corner unit shown in Figs. 6 and 8 having an extremehorizontal length on its longer face, equiva' lent to the length of twoand one-half bricks, and an extreme length. on its shorter face,equivalent to one brick) but- I illustrate in Fig. 9 what I may refer toas a typical or standard corner unit both of whose faces have the samehorizontal extent, corresponding to one and one-half bricks; and, inorder to facilitate staggering of joints, my corner units may. ifdesiredfbe ma de of a standard height different from that of theassociated fiat or single-plane units; and. it may obviously be regardedas immaterial Whether flanges (such as are shown at 19 in Fig. 1, and at19 in Fig. 9) be provided exclusively along (say) the top and theright-hand (or the left-hand) lateral edges, or exclusively along thetop edge and the protected lateral edges, or (as shown at 19, 21 and 22,Fig. 1,- or at 19, 21' and 22 of Fig. 9) along the top edge and the moreexposed lateral edgesprovided only that some consist-ent system isemployed. The illustrated system enables all units to be secured tc anystuds or the like, over which even their' extreme ends may be made toextend; and although the outside faces of the corner units Vshown inFigs. 6, 8 and 9 are disposed at right angles, it will be understoodthat, if and when the 'call for special corner units is suf ficient,provision may be made for an intersection of adjacent faces at variousangles. In the case of baked or fired units, Wire rein forcements may bedispensed with.

Herein I have stressed the possible use of materials suchas brick orterra cotta clay in the formation of my described units; but it shouldbe understood that I may use any desired alternative compositiomsueh asa come position including asbestos fibre and/or Portland cement, or thelike; and that reinforcing elements of the general character shown inFig.- v5, maybe of any desired cross section or length,-even extending,if desired entire ly about a building, above the door and Windowopenings thereof.

My described brick veneer units may be used in conjunction with eitherwooden or metallic or other frame element-s previously positioned by afoundation; and, in Figs. 10-13 inclusive, I illustrate one advantageoustype of metallic frame, suitable for use in .fireproof construction andproviding means for the reliable maintenance of metallic studs in anupright position, means for the securing of a plate, of the same generalCil type, thereabove, means for the providing of door and Windowopenings, and means for the attachment of both the described veneer`units and an interior facing to the mentioned metallic studs. t

For example, I may imbed in a concrete or other foundation such as issuggested at 11a, Fig. 6 and 11", Fig. 11 a plurality of sub-4 thementioned studs and as comprising not only a horizontal ortion but oneor more downwardly extening flanges 33", adapted to overlie a similarflange or flanges 34 of the studs 19.,'in the case of one storybuildings suflicient rigidity may be obtained without bracing, asbyrvetingor bolting the described parts together, as at 35; and a furtherstrengthening effect may be obtained by the use a suitable reinforcementand/or compositions in the construction of an inner facing somewhat assuggested at 36, Fig. 6 and-at 36, Fig. 10, subsequently to an attachingof brick veneer blocks 13b, as by mea-ns of bolts or screws 23h, in thegeneral manner best shown' in Figs. 10 and 13.-

That is to say, although I may employ studs in the form of T beams or Ibeams or similar angle or L beams (the use of the latter being suggestedat 12 in Figr) I suggest in Figs. 10-13 inclusive the use of studs inthe form of U bars or channel irons, the outer flanges 34 thereof beingapertured, as at 37b, for use in the attachment of the mentioned brickveneer units 13", and either the transversely extending Webs 38b or theinner flanges 39b being used for the attachment of an inner facing. Thementioned inner wall may be of any preferred construction but, in orderto facilitate -its attachment vsubsequently to the tightening of nuts 40on the bolts 23b (when such nuts are employed) I suggest the attachmentof a reinforcing material, such as expanded metal or a Wire mesh 41",by. means such as additional bolts 42",

shown as rovided not only with nuts 43 but with melted members 44", andthe subsequent application of a suitable plaster,- preferably a plastercontaining a comparatively high percentage of Portland cement, or a likeingredient contributing to the rigidity of the resultant structure.

Although door and Window openings may be provided for in any desiredmanner, I suggest in Figs. 11 and 1Q the use, for this purpose,of-transverse angle or channel elements 45", of such width that, uponcutting the same to suitable length and upturning tongues 46h at rightangles, projecting portions et?b and 48h are adapted to overhe andcontact with'the respective flanges 34h and 39b of studs 12", means suchas bolts or rivets 49b being employed to hold the mentioned parts intheir indicated relationships; and it will be appreciated that aconstruction of the general character described is especially suit able,Whether ornot building paper, 1n one or more layers, is interposed, asat 50h, for use under unusual climatic conditions, such as conditions ofextreme heat or cold, by reason of the provision of an air space,corresponding to the distance between the outer faces of flanges 34th or39D, or their equivalents; and the tieing of all members together, inthe described manner, as well as tie anchoring of the same to afoundation, renders this construction also especially appropriate toregions in which architectural problems are complicated by danger ofearthquakes or danger of cyclones.

Buildings constructed, as above described, although inexpensive, may benot only attractive in appearance and praetically're" proof, but betteradapted than actual brick Lvinoze Vention, as the same is indicatedabove and in the following claim.

I claim as my invention:

y In combination with a wall: facing supporting means; a wall facingmounted there on comprisingr interfitting brick veneer units, havingformed on the external surface thereof, bricklike prominenees separatedby depressions adapted to contain mortar; securing means mounted in saiddepressions, and reinforcing means comprising rods mounted in saiddepressions and extending` between said intertting units and adapted tobe imbedded in said mortar.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto' set my handat Los Angeles,California, this 7th day of January, 1926.

EUGENE F. KLINE.

